REGIONAL INTEGRATION ORGANIZATIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1259/v41t7596Keywords:
regional integration, European Union, SCO, security, economic cooperation, international relationsAbstract
This article examines the role of regional integration organizations in international relations through the case studies of the European Union (EU) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The EU is analyzed as a successful model of economic and political integration, while the SCO is considered as an important platform for security and geopolitical cooperation. The study explores similarities and differences between the two organizations and evaluates their impact on regional and global stability.
References
1.Ambrosio, T. (2008). Catching the ‘Shanghai Spirit’: How the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Promotes Authoritarian Norms in Central Asia. Europe-Asia Studies, 60(8), 1321–1344.
2. Aris, S. (2011). Eurasian Regionalism: The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Palgrave Macmillan.
3. Haas, E. B. (1958). The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social, and Economic Forces, 1950–1957. Stanford University Press.
4. Moravcsik, A. (1998). The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht. Cornell University Press.
5. Wallace, H., Pollack, M. A., & Young, A. R. (2010). Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford University Press.
6. Nugent, N. (2017). The Government and Politics of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
7. Laïdi, Z. (2008). Norms over Force: The Enigma of European Power. Palgrave Macmillan.
8. Bailes, A. J. K., Dunay, P., Guang, P., & Troitskiy, M. (2007). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. SIPRI Policy Paper No. 17.
9. Christiansen, T., Jørgensen, K. E., & Wiener, A. (1999). The Social Construction of Europe. Sage Publications.
10. Lanteigne, M. (2014). Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction. Routled