METHODS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PANELS

• Mavluda Shuhrat kizi Abduvaliyeva

  Author

• Aziza Murodullo kizi O’ktamova

  Author

This paper examines contemporary methods for enhancing the efficiency of solar photovoltaic panels, which currently operate at 15–22% power conversion efficiency. The study analyzes key factors affecting photovoltaic performance, including material quality, thermal effects, angle of incidence, surface contamination, and light spectrum characteristics. The paper reviews advanced technological approaches such as next-generation materials (monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon, perovskite and tandem cells, graphene-based composites, and quantum dot technologies), nanostructured coatings (photocatalytic materials, plasmonic nanoparticles, ultra-thin dielectric layers, and metamaterials), and thermal management systems (passive and liquid cooling, heat-reflective coatings). Additionally, the study addresses installation optimization strategies, including optimal tilt angles, south-facing orientation, shading avoidance, solar tracking systems, and regular maintenance protocols. The findings demonstrate that integrating advanced materials, nanotechnology, thermal control, and automated tracking systems can significantly reduce energy losses and improve overall conversion efficiency. The paper also highlights the rapid development of solar energy infrastructure in Uzbekistan, with new solar power plants such as "Nur Navoi" and "Sherabad" contributing to the national renewable energy capacity.

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